Another Year of Disappearing Honey Bees

Author: James William Smith

The 2008 calendar indicates that another spring has arrived in North America and the signs of the new season are everywhere. Buds have appeared on trees, heralding the arrival of new leaves. The increased daylight and the warming sun act as harbingers for the appearance of flowering plants that will soon begin their summer cycle of growth. Nurseries and home improvement stores; such as, Home Depot and Loews, are selling plants, rakes, shovels, mulch, and fertilizer.

Indeed, the familiar signs of spring are everywhere. However, once again this year, there is a real problem in nature which is tempering agricultural enthusiasm for the upcoming growing season. It is a problem that was first identified in 2006. The problem continues to be the disappearance of the honey bee. Once again there is little progress to report from research into this mystery surrounding the honey bee called Colony Collapse Disorder (CCD).

CCD occurs when all adult bees disappear from the hive, leaving the honey and pollen behind. Few, if any, dead bees are found around the hive. Between 50 and 90% of the commercial honey bee (Apis mellifera) colonies in the United States have been afflicted with CCD and the problem is making it difficult for U.S. commercial beekeepers to pollinate crops. About a quarter of beekeeping operations were affected by CCD during the 2006-2007 winter alone. It is estimated that up to 70% of honey bees in the United States have just disappeared due to Colony Collapse Disorder. The problem has continued during the winter of 2007-2008.

In addition to the ongoing problem of CCD, consider that news reports indicate significant regional problems with dying honey bees this spring in the United States. In Hawaii, a microscopic mite is devastating Oahu’s honey bee population and the long term affects could wipe out much of the island’s agriculture. Western Washington State has a developing agricultural crisis as bees are dying from a new pathogen called Nosema Ceranae. This fungus attacks the bee’s gut, making it impossible to process food and the bee eventually starves to death.

In general, the various problems with disappearing and dying honey bees are rapidly taking a toll on the entire United States beekeeping industry. It has been reported that the number of keepers who produce more than 6,000 pounds of honey annually has declined from 2,054 in 2005, (the year before keepers started experiencing colony collapse) to about 1,100 this year.

Internationally, a lack of a sufficient number of honey bees is responsible this spring for problems in blueberry pollination in Canada. The Fraser Valley produces about one-fifth of the world’s blueberries, but no longer has a sufficient number of honey bees to support its blueberry pollination, and honey bees are now being imported for pollination.

In England and Wales, proposals to protect honey bees have recently been announced by the government. However, bee keepers complain about a lack of research funding and the slow pace of governmental response since the number of honey bees continues in decline.

It is now estimated that nearly half of Italy’s 50 billion bee population died last year. That bee mortality rate will have a drastic effect on the country’s 25-million-euro honey industry (which could plummet by at least 50% in 2008) and wreak havoc on fruit crops. The worldwide bee epidemic has also hit France, Germany, Britain, Brazil, and Australia.

The increased cost of energy in food production and transportation has already led to a world food price inflation of 45 percent in the last nine months alone. There are serious worldwide shortages of rice, wheat, and corn. The rising cost of food has recently been responsible for deadly clashes in Egypt, Haiti, and several African states.

However, if the population of the honey bee continues to decline, worldwide events from higher prices and shortages of food will have only just begun. The pollination of the honey bee is crucial to agriculture and the world’s food supply. Without the honey bee, prices of vegetables, fruit, meat, eggs, and dairy prices will all spiral much higher.

The disappearance of the honey bee poses a threat to eating premium ice cream as well. Haagen-Dazs, (owned by General Mills) said bees are responsible for 40% of its 60 flavors, such as strawberry, toasted pecan, and banana split. The company is launching a new flavor this spring called Vanilla Honey Bee to raise consumer awareness about the problem. Proceeds from the sale of the ice cream will be used to fund CCD research.

The ramifications to our diet and lifestyle are enormous, but government’s response to the developing food crisis has been limited and slow. The disappearing honey bee issue has not been discussed in any Presidential debate or in any campaign forum. In fact, both of our major political parties have been silent on the problem.

Hopefully, American politicians on the campaign trail in the 2008 United States presidential election like Haagen- Daz products. The truth is that Vanilla Honey Bee ice cream may be the only way to bring the candidates attention to a serious, developing, agricultural crisis. A world without sufficient honey bee pollination will create a food crisis of economic, national, and international ramifications. Indeed, it is another year without a solution to the problem of disappearing honey bees.

Article Source: http://www.articlesbase.com/nature-articles/another-year-of-disappearing-honey-bees-411499.html

About the Author:

James William Smith has worked in Senior management positions for some of the largest Financial Services firms in the United States for the last twenty five years. He has also provided business consulting support for insurance organizations and start up businesses. Visit his website at http://www.eWorldvu.com

Saving Reefs While Practicing Scuba Diving

Author: Matthias Zeitler

Scuba diving does not only imply discovering the wonderful world of the seas but it also means trying to help and improve the nature. It is well known that humans do not always have a good behavior when it comes to the nature and they tend to change it as much as possible. However, there are many things we should do to help nature and scuba divers can do a lot to preserve in the proper way the beauty of the seas that they visit.

Waters are very affected by many dregs as petroleum residue, black ash waste, paraffinous residue, atomic waste that constantly modifies the existence of the sea organisms and can destroy their habitats. Global warming is also a big problem for these creatures that may not survive to the new temperatures. Coral reefs are also suffering because of the residues which threaten the sea waters. Nowadays, reefs problems are increasing so much that it may cause many damages to sea organisms. This is very important because their health depends on their habitats and on the water’s health too.

If you are one of the scuba divers who really want to understand how serious can the coral reef’s problems get then you should first know something about them. Coral reefs are the best habitats for many sea organisms and they are made of polyp masses, which constantly grow and a base that is made up of corals.

There are some cases when the sea organisms can disturb the coral reefs. For example, damselfishes create a sort of algae farms which are added to the coral reef and in time, the damselfish eat these algae. Therefore, the coral reefs’ damages are increasing as the number of damselfish increases. As a consequence, the equilibrium is needed for the coral reefs to be maintained safe and those who practice scuba diving can help if they want.

It is required to be as gentle as possible with coral reefs while scuba diving and you should also always avoid bringing detrimental substances that may be very harmful to the corals. When you scuba dive for studying the coral reefs you should have in mind that they are living creatures, they are more than just great beautiful habitats for sea organisms. Be careful while swimming around amazing coral reefs and don’t bring harmful substances with you on your trip.

The most important thing when you practice scuba diving around the world’s waters is for you to respect the nature. Never forget that residues affect everything, including coral reefs so protect them as much as possible. We all want to visit great scuba diving locations but this implies us protecting the nature and many forget this simple fact. Once we learn how to appreciate the wonders of the nature we will be able to practice scuba diving and understand that this activity is not only a recreational one but also an experience that implies protecting the nature.

Article Source: http://www.articlesbase.com/nature-articles/saving-reefs-while-practicing-scuba-diving-410355.html

About the Author:

Scubish.com - Scuba Diving Portal has a wide range of resources and articles about scuba diving. Learn more about this fascinating sport and plan your dive travels.